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Core habitat is designated using rules defined by experts and through a modelling process. Habitat suitability models (HSM) may be used to inform planning decisions, Biodiversity Planning Assessments (BPAs), Aquatic Conservation Assessments (ACAs) and Essential Habitat under the Vegetation Management Act 1999. Phascolarctos cinereus (koala) Habitat Suitability Model delineating core habitat for the species across remnant and regrowth vegetation. © State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Science), 2023 Manager, Biodiversity Assessment Department of Environment and Science Manager, Biodiversity Assessment 13 74 68 GPO Box 2454, City, Brisbane Brisbane Queensland 4001 biodiversity.planning@qld.gov.au Manager, Biodiversity Assessment Department of Environment and Science Manager, Biodiversity Assessment 13 74 68 biodiversity.planning@qld.gov.au biota environment ISO 19115 Topic Categories Queensland Phascolarctos cinereus Koala Threatened species habitat Habitat modelling FAUNA Native ECOLOGY Habitat ECOLOGY Models biota environment Queensland Phascolarctos cinereus Koala Threatened species habitat Habitat modelling FAUNA Native ECOLOGY Habitat ECOLOGY Models This dataset is provided for information purposes only. In reports, maps and metadata for products derived from this coverage, the following acknowledgement is required: ©State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Science), 2023 DES (2021). Spatial modelling and planning for koalas in SEQ: Report. Brisbane: Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland. Esri ArcGIS 13.0.6.36057 true 151.767524 153.544682 -26.137122 -28.363832 The Habitat Suitability Model framework employed by the Queensland Department of Environment and Science’s Biodiversity Assessment Team aims to determine the known extent, possible extent and importance of habitat for threatened taxa listed under Queensland and/or Australian government legislation and for priority taxa listed during bioregional/catchment assessments. The approach shifts the conservation focus away from specific point locations (sites of taxa presence based on historic records) in the landscape to areas where the taxon is known to occur, or is likely to occur. The habitat model aims to be consistent, repeatable and transparent, documenting reasons for a particular level of assessment. It is conducted irrespective of tenure or the significance of areas for other conservation reasons. To produce a comprehensive map and identify important areas of koala habitat within the South East Queensland Regional Plan (SEQRP) area, the modelling approach integrated a species distribution model with the Queensland Herbarium’s regional ecosystem (RE) mapping and koala occurrence records. The modelling approach used a categorised Maxent model output (based on key biophysical variables with a statistically tested relationship to koalas) in combination with an expert derived regional ecosystem classification and validated koala occurrence records. The koala habitat mapping was created using a koala habitat decision matrix to integrate the categorised output from a species distribution model (created using Maxent) with a regional ecosystem suitability classification and buffered koala records. The decision matrix established the rules for categorising known habitat and possible habitat and for designating core habitat, non-core habitat and non-habitat. Koala occurrence records, buffered by 900m, were used to confirm the likelihood of koala habitat. Known habitat was assigned where suitable regional ecosystems were confirmed by the presence of a koala record – indicating areas where koalas are known to occur. Possible habitat was assigned where there was an absence of a koala record in a polygon with a suitable regional ecosystems – indicating areas where koalas are likely to occur. The 30 rules from the koala habitat decision matrix were grouped into 10 categories, from lowest suitability (rank 1) to highest suitability (rank 10). Only core habitat (matrix categories 4 to 10) were included in model release version 4.0: Core habitat – matrix categories 4 to 10 Core habitat refers to the best habitat for koalas, based on the combination of biophysical measures, suitable vegetation and koala occurrence records. Core habitat was delineated where there was agreement between the regional ecosystems ranked high, medium or low suitability by the Koala Advisory Group (KAG) and Maxent areas ranked high or medium (with or without a koala record). For detailed information relating to the methodology and rule set employed to delineate Phascolarctos cinereus (koala) habitat within the SEQ Regional Planning area, refer to the accompanying report (DES, 2023) available from the Department of Environment and Science’s Biodiversity Assessment Team – biodiversity.planning@qld.gov.au. * Maxent is a commonly used statistical tool for species distribution modelling, using presence only data. A “ground truthing” assessment to assess attribute and predictive accuracy of this product has not been performed at this stage. The product and its associated attribution are largely dependent upon the underlying base datasets used in its development. For example, attributional accuracy is, in part, dependent upon regional ecosystem information (as well as expert categorisation). Maxent rankings were attributed to regional ecosystem polygons using logistic values from the model output categorised into three classes based on a high threshold (maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity–maxSSS) and a low threshold (10th percentile training presence–P10). The translation of raster Maxent values into vector regional ecosystem polygons was achieved using a 20% allocation threshold, so that each regional ecosystem polygon was populated with the highest Maxent ranked component that occupied 20% or more of that polygon. For example, a regional ecosystem polygon that consisted of 20% high and 80% low Maxent ranked components would be categorised as high Maxent rank. Koala presence was attributed to regional ecosystem polygons using a 900m point buffer intersect. Assignment of all attributes to the regional ecosystem polygons was fully automated using Python scripting based on decision matrix rules. Contact the relevant custodians for further information on the base data inputs used (as listed in the section titled “Lineage”). All polygons adhere to the rules established by the decision matrix to designate core habitat, non-core habitat and non-habitat (HSM_CORE) and to identify habitat where the species is known to occur (habitat known) or is likely to occur (habitat possible) (HSM_VALUE). Absolute external positional accuracy: The base spatial unit used in this model was the regional ecosystem mapping. Refer to the Queensland Herbarium for further information on spatial accuracies associated with the regional ecosystem mapping product. The HSM encapsulated the following area: South East Queensland Regional Plan 2017 (ShapingSEQ - 2017) Within the overall HSM extent, the completeness of the assessment cannot be quantified. Completeness of the modelled output with respect to delineating on ground habitat and confidence of occurrence, for example, is dependent upon known observations of the species (rather than the species “true” on ground distribution), expert interpretation in terms of the species habitat preference (based upon available knowledge at the time) and the completeness of base dataset inputs (i.e. the Queensland Herbarium’s regional ecosystem mapping product). Source data: The following key base data sets were used in production of this HSM: 1. The base spatial unit was the regional ecosystem mapping for Queensland version 13 (2023). Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science. 2. Koala records were collated specifically for the project through a variety of sources, including consultation with local governments and other groups, DES systematic survey data, koalaBase and Atlas of Living Australia. Additional records provided by local governments were incorporated into this version of the model (January 2023). 3. High Value Regrowth mapping (February 2023). Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science. 4. Categorised Maxent output 11.17 (version 1.1, 2017), Biodiversity Assessment Team, Department of Environment and Science. Nb., the 11.17 model was extrapolated to areas newly incorporated into the study area due to boundary changes in the ShapingSEQ: South East Queensland Regional Plan 2017. 5. For further information on the base inputs and methodology, refer to the report (DES 2023) available from the Department of Environment and Science’s Biodiversity Assessment Team – biodiversity.planning@qld.gov.au. 95156 hsm_seqrp_koala The spatial entity type is the value stored in the entity member field of the geometry object. Esri OBJECTID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. RE The regional ecosystem represents a vegetation community in a bioregion that is consistently associated with a particular combination of geology, landform and soil. A maximum of five vegetation units (RE1–RE5) may be attributed in a heterogeneous polygon (polygons with more than one regional ecosystem occurring in them). Values: Regional ecosystem identifiers (e.g. 12.11.5 or 12.11.5/12.3.3). Queensland Herbarium v.11.0 Regional Ecosystem Mapping PERCENT Proportional area (%) of each regional ecosystem (i.e. RE1 to RE5) with respect to the polygon area. Values: 5–100 (e.g. 5 or 95/5) Queensland Herbarium v.11.0 Regional Ecosystem Mapping RE_VERSION Regional Ecosystem mapping version Queensland Herbarium v.11.0 Regional Ecosystem Mapping MRE_RANK_ALL Lists the koala suitability rank for each RE in a polygon. Values: s1 = non-habitat; s2 = very low; s3 = low; s4 = medium; s5 = high (e.g. s4/s5 means a heterogeneous polygon containing REs ranked medium (s4) and high (s5). Department of Environment and Science MRE_RANK Final RE species habitat suitability rank (words). Values: high, medium, low, very low, non-habitat. Department of Environment and Science MRE_PROPTOT_ALL Lists all RE koala suitability proportions for each of the five regional ecosystem rankings (i.e rank1/rank2/rank3/rank4/rank5) with respect to the polygon area. Values: range from 0–100 separated by a slash. Department of Environment and Science MME_RANK Final Maxent species habitat suitability rank Department of Environment and Science MME_PROPTOT_ALL Lists all Maxent proportions Department of Environment and Science PT_BUFF Species point record buffer presence. Values: 1 (presence), 0 (absence) Department of Environment and Science HSM_VER Habitat suitability model version Department of Environment and Science SCI_NAME Scientific name of the species. Values: Phascolarctos cinereus. Department of Environment and Science HSM_CODE Habitat suitability model species code. Values: phascine. Department of Environment and Science HSM_VALUE Habitat suitability model habitat value. Values: Preferred habitat known, Preferred habitat possible, General habitat known, General habitat possible, Non-habitat. Department of Environment and Science HSM_CONF Model confidence based on the rule sets in the taxon profile Department of Environment and Science HSM_CORE Habitat suitability model core habitat (Core) Department of Environment and Science HSM_RULE Habitat suitability model matrix decision rule Department of Environment and Science HSM_RULE_ALL Lists all rules matching decision matrix criteria Department of Environment and Science MCOVER Describes the cover status of the vegetation, for example, pre-clearing, remnant, regrowth. Values: Remnant, Regrowth. Department of Environment and Science HSM_CATEGORY Habitat suitability category ranks the suitability of koala habitat from lowest koala habitat suitability (category 1) to highest koala habitat suitability (category 10) using rules from the habitat decision matrix. Values: 1–10. Categories 4–10 represent core habitat as follows: category 10 = rules 351, 350; category 9 = rules 341, 340; category 8 = rules 331, 330; category 7 = rule 251; category 6 = rule 241; category 5 = rule 231; category 4 = rules 250, 240, 230. Categories 2–3 represent non-core habitat as follows: category 3 non-core (rainforest habitat) = rules 321, 320, 221, 220, 121; category 2 non-core (marginal habitat) = rules 151, 150, 141, 140, 131, 130. Category 1 represents non-habitat as follows: category 1 non-habitat = rules 311, 310, 211, 210, 111,110, 120. Department of Environment and Science AREA_HA SHAPE_Length Length of feature in internal units. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. SHAPE_Area Area of feature in internal units squared. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.